Logistics Principles
The methodology of management of logistics systems is a system of principles, methods, tools, procedures, based on which management decisions are made. The main emphasis in the development of the methodology of management of logistics systems, in our opinion, should be made on the improvement, systematization and development of methods and models for the preparation and decision-making in the performance of logistics activities, as well as the management of the logistics system (supply chain) and its elements (processes).
The management of logistics systems and supply chains is carried out in accordance with a number of principles.
- System approach. According to this principle, all elements of the logistics system are considered as interrelated and interacting to achieve a single management goal. A distinctive feature of the system approach is the optimization of the functioning of not the individual elements, but the whole system as a whole.
- The principle of general logistics costs. It is aimed at the need to take into account the whole set of management costs of the main and associated flows in the logistics system. The criterion of a minimum of logistical costs is considered one of the basic at optimization of resources in logistical system.
- The principle of global optimization. When optimizing the structure in the created logistics system, it is necessary to reconcile the local goals of the functioning of individual links and system elements to achieve a global optimum.
- The principle of logistic coordination and integration. Assumes the achievement of a coherent, integral participation of all links and elements of the logistics system in the flow control when implementing the objective function.
- The principle of modeling and information-computer support. In accordance with this principle, various models are widely used in the analysis, synthesis and optimization of objects and processes in the logistics system and chains: mathematical, mathematical, graphic, physical, imitative, etc.
- The principle of allocating a complex of subsystems, providing the process of logistics management: technical, economic, organizational, legal, personnel, environmental, etc.
- The principle of integrated quality management. Is to ensure the reliability of the functioning and high quality of each link of the logistics system to ensure the overall quality of goods and services delivered to consumers.
- The principle of humanization of all functions and technological solutions. This means compliance with environmental requirements for environmental protection and ergonomic, social, ethical requirements for personnel work, etc.
- The principle of sustainability and adaptability. The logistics system must be resistant to deviations of parameters and environmental factors (for example, to fluctuations in demand, changes in supply conditions, transport tariffs or warehouse operations). With significant fluctuations in the stochastic factors of the external environment, the logistics system must quickly adapt to new conditions, changing the program of operation, parameters and optimization criteria.
However, when considering these principles, it remains unclear, as well as on the basis of what tools can be used to prepare solutions in the field of logistics. Such tools are methods and models of decision-making in logistics.